CSS Layout - Horizontal & Vertical Align
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CSS Layout - Horizontal & Vertical Align
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Center elements
horizontally and vertically
Center Align Elements
To horizontally center a block element (like <div>), use margin: auto;
Setting the width of the element will prevent it from stretching out to the
edges of its container.
The element will then take up the specified width, and the remaining space
will be split equally between the two margins:
This div element is centered.
Example
.center
{
margin: auto;
width: 50%;
border: 3px solid green;
padding: 10px;
}Try it Yourself »
Note: Center aligning has no effect if the width property is not set
(or set to 100%).
Center Align Text
To just center the text inside an element, use text-align: center;
This text is centered.
Example
.center {
text-align: center;
border: 3px solid green;
}Try it Yourself »
Tip: For more examples on how to align text, see the CSS Text chapter.
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Center an Image
To center an image, set left and right margin to auto and make it into a block element:
Example
img
{
display: block;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
width: 40%;
}Try it Yourself »
Left and Right Align - Using position
One method for aligning elements is to use position: absolute;:
In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I've been turning over in my mind ever since.
Example
.right
{
position: absolute;
right: 0px;
width: 300px;
border: 3px solid #73AD21;
padding: 10px;
}Try it Yourself »
Note: Absolute positioned elements are removed from the
normal flow, and can overlap elements.
<!--
Tip: When aligning elements with position, always definemargin and padding for
the <body> element. This is to avoid visual differences in different browsers.
There is also a problem with IE8 and earlier, when using position. If
a container element (in our case <div class="container">) has a specified width,
and the !DOCTYPE declaration is missing, IE8 and earlier versions will add a 17px margin on
the right side. This seems to be space reserved for a scrollbar. So, always set the !DOCTYPE
declaration when using position:
Example
body
{
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.container
{
position: relative;
width: 100%;
}
.right
{
position: absolute;
right: 0px;
width: 300px;
background-color: #b0e0e6;
}Try it Yourself »
-->
Left and Right Align - Using float
Another method for aligning elements is to use the float property:
Example
.right
{
float: right;
width: 300px;
border: 3px solid #73AD21;
padding: 10px;
}Try it Yourself »
Note: If an element is taller than the element containing it, and it is floated, it
will overflow outside of its container. You can use the "clearfix" hack to fix this (see example below).
<!--
Tip: When aligning elements with float, always define margin and padding for
the <body> element. This is to avoid visual differences in different browsers.
There is also a problem with IE8 and earlier, when using float. If
the !DOCTYPE declaration is missing, IE8 and earlier versions will add a 17px margin on
the right side. This seems to be space reserved for a scrollbar. So, always set the !DOCTYPE
declaration when using float:
Example
body
{
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.right
{
float: right;
width: 300px;
background-color: #b0e0e6;
}Try it Yourself »
The clearfix Hack
Without Clearfix
With Clearfix
Then we can add overflow: auto; to the containing element to fix
this problem:
Example
.clearfix {
overflow: auto;
}Try it Yourself »
Center Vertically - Using padding
There are many ways to center an element vertically in CSS. A simple solution is to use top and bottom padding:
I am vertically centered.
Example
.center {
padding: 70px 0;
border: 3px solid
green;
}Try it Yourself »
To center both vertically and horizontally, use padding and text-align: center:
I am vertically and horizontally centered.
Example
.center {
padding: 70px 0;
border: 3px solid
green;
text-align: center;
}Try it Yourself »
Center Vertically - Using line-height
Another trick is to use the line-height property with a value that is equal
to the height property.
I am vertically and horizontally centered.
Example
.center {
line-height: 200px;
height: 200px;
border: 3px solid green;
text-align: center;
}
/* If the text has multiple lines, add the
following: */
.center p {
line-height: 1.5;
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: middle;
}Try it Yourself »
Center Vertically - Using position & transform
If padding and line-height
are not options, a third solution is to use positioning and the transform property:
I am vertically and horizontally centered.
Example
.center {
height: 200px;
position: relative;
border: 3px solid green;
}
.center p {
margin: 0;
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}Try it Yourself »
Tip: You will learn more about the transform property in our 2D Transforms
Chapter.
Test Yourself with Exercises!
Exercise 1 »
Exercise 2 »
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